Annie Besant, born Annie Wood in Ireland on 1 October 1847, was a noted political activist, freedom fighter and anti-church movement and champion of women’s rights. In the 1870s Besant became a member of the National Secular Society and the Fabian Society, which supported freedom of thought and liberation from the tyranny of the Catholic Church in England.
His pursuit of the socialist movement and his search for spiritual solace led him to join the Theosophical Society. During her tenure as a member of the society, she was attracted to Hinduism and its spiritual ideals. With the aim of propagating the ideals of the Theosophical Society, she came to India in 1893. A few days after landing in India, she was inspired by the ongoing struggle for independence against British rule and gradually became an active part of it.
Besant’s most notable contribution to the Indian independence movement was the establishment of the Home Rule League in 1916. Besant, along with Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak, spearheaded the historic movement that became a turning point in the decades-long Indian freedom struggle. Thought to be on the lines of the Irish Home Rule movement, the crusade aimed to achieve Dominion status for India, such as Australia and Canada. This movement lasted for two years, in which the activities of the Indian Home Rule League played an important role in empowering the freedom struggle.
In 1917, Besant was placed under house arrest for participating in the Home Rule Movement. His arrest led to widespread protests and he was later released. While in prison, she remained disobedient and raised the green and red flags that symbolized the Home Rule movement.
Besant died in India on September 20, 1933. Throughout her life, she was a brave and outspoken woman who made her home to many hats—a social activist, a crusader for religious freedom, and an active participant in a nation’s freedom struggle.
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