New Delhi: About 42% of adult Americans in the United States are obese, which increases the risk of developing chronic diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and other diseases. Few studies have fully examined the simultaneous effects of late eating on the three main players in body weight regulation. And thus the risk of obesity: regulation of caloric intake, the number of calories you burn, and molecular changes in adipose tissue.
The popular healthy diet mantra discourages midnight snacking, but few studies have examined the effects of eating late at once on all three players. A recent study by researchers at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, a founding organization of the Mass General Brigham Healthcare System, found that meal timing has a major impact on our metabolism, appetite and biochemical pathways in adipose tissue. Cell Metabolism has reported its findings.
According to senior author Frank AJL Scheer, director of the Medical Chronobiology Program in the Brigham Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, “We sought to test the processes that might explain why late eating increases the risk of obesity. ” “Previous studies by us and others have shown that eating in the evening increases the risk of becoming obese, increases body fat and hinders weight loss success. We were curious why.”
“In this study, we asked, ‘Does the time matter when we keep everything consistent? said first author Nina Vujovic, a researcher in the Medical Chronobiology Program in the Brigham Division of Sleep and Circadian. disorders. “And we found that eating four hours later made a significant difference in our hunger levels, the way we burn calories after eating, and the way we store fat.” 16 patients with a body mass index (BMI) in overweight or obese were the subject of a study by Range Vujovic, Scheer and their colleagues. Each participant performed two lab protocols: one with the exact initial meal schedule and the other with the same meal exactly four hours later in the day. Participants set sleep and wake times in each of the last two to three weeks before starting in the laboratory, and in the last three days before entering the laboratory, they closely followed the same meal and meal times at home.
Participants frequently monitored their appetite and appetite in the lab, gave us small blood samples several times a day, and our researchers assessed their body temperature and energy expenditure. During laboratory testing in both early and late eating protocols, the researchers took biopsies of adipose tissue from a subset of participants to enable comparison of gene expression patterns/levels between these two eating conditions. This allowed them to measure how the timing of eating affects molecular pathways involved in adipogenesis, or how the body stores fat.
The findings showed that subsequent eating had a significant effect on appetite and appetite-controlling chemicals leptin and ghrelin, which affect our desire to eat. Leptin levels, which indicate fullness, were particularly low during 24 h in the late feeding conditions compared with the early feeding conditions. The participants subsequently burned calories more slowly and showed altered gene expression in their adipose tissue, which promotes greater adipogenesis and reduced lipolysis. These results reveal convergent physiological and molecular mechanisms that underlie the association between eating later in the day and higher risk of obesity.
According to Vujovic, these results not only support a substantial body of evidence suggesting that eating later may increase the risk of becoming obese, but they also provide new insights about how this can happen. Is. The researchers were able to identify changes in the various control systems involved in energy balance, a clue to how our bodies use the food we eat, using a randomized crossover study and study of factors such as physical activity, posture, sleep. Strictly control for behavioral and environmental factors. , and light exposure.
To make their findings more applicable to a larger population, Scheer’s team plans to increase the proportion of female participants in subsequent trials. Although there were only five female participants in this study cohort, the study was designed to control for menstrual phase, which reduced confusion but made it more challenging for women to participate. In the future, Scheer and Vujovic want to learn more about how the link between mealtime and nighttime affects energy balance.
“This study shows the effect of eating late versus early. Here, we isolated these effects for confounding variables such as caloric intake, physical activity, sleep and light exposure, but in real life, many of these factors themselves influence may be meal timing,” Sher said. how obesity changes under risk.”
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