Last Update: February 27, 2023, 14:11 IST
Genome sequencing is the process of determining the complete DNA sequence of the entire genetic material of an organism. This allows scientists to read the sequence of the individual components (A, T, C, and G) that make up DNA.
Genome sequencing has many applications, including medical services, forensic science, and conservation biology. This discovery has inspired cancer research
Genome sequencing has attracted a significant amount of media attention in recent years. As the cost of sequencing an entire genome has decreased dramatically, the technology has become more accessible. Genome sequencing has many applications, including medical services, forensic science, and conservation biology. It has already made many discoveries in areas such as cancer and infectious disease research, as well as agriculture. Here’s an explainer of what genome sequencing really is.
Living organisms consist of cells, a fundamental building block of life. Each cell contains thousands of genes, each of which is encoded by a complex chemical called DNA. DNA itself is made up of four components – adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C) and guanine (G). These are arranged in a specific order, which is similar to a genetic code. This code holds the key to giving instructions to every cell in the body, determining when and how each should act.
Genome sequencing is the process of determining the complete DNA sequence of the entire genetic material of an organism. This allows scientists to read the sequence of the individual components (A, T, C, and G) that make up DNA.
Several methods are used for genome sequencing, but most involve cutting the genome into small fragments, sequencing each fragment, and then using computational algorithms to assemble these once again into a complete genome sequence. This can provide valuable insight into an organism’s genetic makeup, including susceptibility to certain diseases, evolutionary history, and susceptibility to genetic variation.
It took researchers more than a decade to map the complete genome sequence of humans. The project, which was started in 1990, was completed in 2003. The generation of the first human genome sequence provided essential information about the human blueprint. It not only enhanced the study of human biology but also improved the practice of medicine.
Challenges still remain in the field. While complete mapped human genomes are available, researchers still do not know how genomes differ from one individual or community to another. Understanding this is key to discovering why some people are innately protected or vulnerable to certain diseases or prejudices. With further development, the possibilities and consequences of human gene editing may also emerge.
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