When you think of an electric vehicle, chances are you picture a car. But a quiet revolution is underway in transportation. It turns out that electrification can work wonders for almost all of our transportation options, from electric bikes to motorbikes to buses to freight trains and even tractors and heavy trucks. Soon there will be no need to burn petrol and diesel in an internal combustion engine.
This matters because electric transport will be critical in our efforts to stop climate change. If all the cars on the road ran on renewable electricity, we would reduce about one-fifth of our emissions. We’ll also be in a better position to weather the rise in war-related oil prices and enjoy cleaner air and quieter cities.
It’s promising news that electric vehicles are finally shaping up to be an election issue, with Labor promising a national EV charging network at the launch of its campaign and the Greens promising up to $15,000 in rebates for EV purchases . In contrast, the Liberal Party last year overturned its previous skepticism and introduced a short charging network policy.
But this is only a start that is needed. Right now the focus is on electric cars. We will need new policy settings to encourage electrification of all our transportation options. And that means getting electric mobility on the radar of our political parties.
Why electricity and why now?
Electric vehicles have been around for over 120 years. They accounted for a third of all cars on American roads in 1900, because they were clean and quiet. But his first morning ended because of the high cost and weight of the battery, which hit the internal combustion engines on the road.
So what changed? Two things: Solar has become the cheapest form of energy in human history, and lightweight lithium-ion batteries have become significantly cheaper. These remarkable inventions have allowed electric vehicle manufacturers to become competitive. Cheap solar power funnels into electric vehicle batteries to provide much lower running costs than fossil fuel engines. Very simple engine means very low maintenance cost.
We are also seeing major innovations brought about by electric public transport. Over the past two decades, there have been significant advances in smart technology in trains and trams, such as sensors enabling regenerative braking and active suspension. These successes have been enthusiastically embraced by electric vehicle manufacturers. All-electric cars now have regenerative braking, which increases energy efficiency, as well as smart sensors to assist steering, and active suspension, making the cars safer and easier to ride.
We are also seeing welcome cross-pollination in the form of trackless trams, which are advanced buses that boast rail-like mobility. This has been made possible on the basis of technologies invented for high-speed rail.
In short, there’s no reason why solar and battery technology has to be limited to cars. All land-based internal combustion engine vehicles in the world can now be replaced by electric equivalents.
Electric mobility is coming
You must have already seen the signs of the potential of electric mobility. E-scooters are on the rise in major cities, giving people a way to make short trips quickly and cheaply. E-bikes are on the rise, becoming popular with commuters and families who are choosing one car over another. Even so, this is just the beginning.
Worldwide, electric micro-mobility (scooters, skateboards and bikes) is growing at more than 17% per year and is expected to quadruple current sales to US$50 billion by 2030.
Even without much government support, Australians are increasingly moving towards electric vehicles of all kinds. But for Australia to fully adopt electric transport, we need the right policy settings. Cars, scooters, motorbikes, trackless trams, buses, trucks, freight trains and agricultural vehicles can all be part of the transition to some of the cheapest and highest quality mobility the world has ever seen.
The policies offered to date show that neither party has foreseen that the radical upheaval would bring electrification. Labor’s policy of cutting emissions by 43% by 2030 gives electric cars only a minor role, cutting emissions by less than 1%, or 4 million tons out of a total of 448 million tons. There is no mention of other electric modes of transport. Even the Greens have a slightly serious policy analysis of broad EV options. There is no mention of liberals.
We need a comprehensive, comprehensive electric vehicle policy Given that we are still on the starting line, what is the best first step? Perhaps the easiest would be to enable Infrastructure Australia to work with states on creating strategic guidelines for each electric transport mode. ACT already has such plans in place for its bus network as part of the transition to a zero-carbon future.
Here’s what good EV policies to consider:
– Electric micro-mobility: how to recharge and manage the explosion of electric scooters, skateboards and bikes with proper infrastructure, and enable the best public sharing systems
– Electric public transit: how to electrify all buses, passenger trains and mid-tier transit (light rail, rapid transit buses and trackless trams), and link net-zero urban development and charging facilities
– Electric trucks, freight trains and farm vehicles: how to build recharge highways and hubs in railway stations, industrial complexes and standalone farm systems, and how to introduce these in areas to enable net zero mining, agriculture and other processed products.
Each of these modes will also require similar targets, subsidies and regulations as electric cars do to make possible a faster, cleaner transition from petrol and diesel. If we focus only on electric cars, we will end up in cities full of cars, even if they don’t pollute. By focusing on all modes of transport, we will make our cities more equitable, safe and sustainable.
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