New Delhi: According to a report jointly released by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and Oxford Poverty, 1.2 billion (120 crore) people are multidimensionally poor, of whom almost half are 593 million (593 crore) children under the age of 18. and Human Development Initiative (OPHI).
Title of Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) 2022 report goodIt came up with new ‘Deprivation Profiles’ to understand and combat the interconnected characteristics of poverty that exist around the world.
“Sustainable Development Goals” [SDG] By 2030 it is possible to achieve 1.2 by at least half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty by national definitions – and by and large. report published on Monday,
The 44-page index, the fourth edition released since 2019, collected microdata for more than 6.1 billion (610 crore) people in 111 countries through household surveys to calculate their Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) values.
Using these values, the report identified ‘common deprivation profiles and bundles’, highlighting the combined deprivations experienced by 1.2 billion poor people, Nearly twice the number of people living in monetary poverty. Such data could contribute to the design of better, more integrated policies, helping to address multiple deficits at the local and global levels simultaneously.
Which index is found with respect to India?
The index revealed data on India’s progress in tackling poverty, outpacing many countries in reducing its poverty rate and MPI values.
In the last 15 years, between 2005 and 2016, India lifted 415 million (415 million) people out of poverty, with poverty falling from 55.1 percent to 16.4 percent. This data for India is taken from the National Family Health Survey-5 conducted in 2019-20.
In terms of performing states, Bihar, the poorest state in 2015-16, saw the sharpest reduction in poverty and MPI value, falling from 77.4 per cent in 2005-06 to 34.7 per cent in 2019-21.
Out of the 10 poorest states in 2015-2016, only one (West Bengal) was not included in the poverty list in 2019-2021. The remaining nine states are Bihar, Jharkhand, Meghalaya, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Assam, Odisha, Chhattisgarh and Rajasthan.,
How is the Multidimensional Poverty Index calculated?
The Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) value is calculated by multiplying the incidence of poverty and the average intensity of poverty. The MPI ranges from 0 to 1, with higher values indicating greater poverty.
When calculating the deprivation score out of 100, the index looked at 10 indicators, each with a specific weighting. These indicators were divided into three categories as a whole – health, education and standard of living – with each having one-third weightage.
Health includes nutrition and child mortality, each carrying one-sixth the weighting. According to the index, if a family has an adult or a child under the age of 70 who is malnourished according to their body mass index (BMI), they are deprived of nutrition.
Education included indicators such as school attendance, each with one-sixth weightage. A family is considered deprived of school attendance if a school-aged child is not attending school by the age of completing the eighth grade.
The standard of living includes 6 indicators that cover access to cooking fuel to property ownership. Each indicator in this category has a weightage of 1/18.
Whereas a family is considered deprived of cooking fuel if it uses cow dung, wood, charcoal or coal, if it does not improve (as per SDG guidelines) or even if it improves Shared with other households, applies to cleanliness. A household is considered deficient in drinking water if it does not have improved potable water (as per SDG guidelines) or if it is at least a 30-minute walk from the home, round-trip to its access.
Similarly, a The house is considered deprived of housing If at least one of the three housing materials for the roof, walls and floor is insufficient: the floor is of natural material and/or the roof and/or walls are of natural or primary material. Another indicator of scarcity is lack electricity connection.
Finally, if a family does not own more than one of these assets: radio, television, telephone, computer, cattle carriage, bicycle, motorbike or refrigerator, and does not own a car or truck, it is considered deprived of property. Is.
Using these indicators, the index calculated deprivation scores for 111 countries as well as identified the nature of their poverty through disadvantaged profiles. In India, the most common disadvantaged profiles were lack of housing, sanitation, cooking fuel and nutrition in households.
This global MPI complements the international poverty rate of $1.90 per day, which was revised last month by the World Bank to $2.15 per day. Day.
(Edited by Anumeha Saxena)